Why Scientists Prefer Research with Embryonic Stem Cells

Subject : Biology

Question:

Which of the following explains why scientists prefer to complete research with embryonic stem cells?

A. They never develop into specialized cells.

B. They grow and divide for a long period of time before they become specialized.

C. They become specialized after a very short period of time.

D. They are already specialized.

Expert Verified Solution:

The correct answer is B. They grow and divide for a long period of time before they become specialized.

Explanation:

Scientists prefer to use embryonic stem cells in research primarily because of their ability to remain undifferentiated for an extended period. This quality allows the cells to divide and reproduce without becoming specialized right away, giving scientists ample time to study them. These cells are known as pluripotent, meaning they have the potential to differentiate into any cell type in the body, such as muscle, nerve, or blood cells. This makes them incredibly versatile in medical research and regenerative therapies.

The ability of embryonic stem cells to remain undifferentiated for a longer time is critical for scientists. During this period, they can grow, replicate, and be exposed to different conditions that may guide their development into specific cell types. This extended window of time provides researchers with a better opportunity to study diseases, test new drugs, and explore potential treatments for conditions like Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injuries, and heart disease.

By contrast:

A. They never develop into specialized cells is incorrect because embryonic stem cells do eventually become specialized after a certain period.
C. They become specialized after a very short period of time is incorrect because they actually remain undifferentiated for a longer period before becoming specialized.
D. They are already specialized is also incorrect because embryonic stem cells start as unspecialized cells with the potential to develop into any cell type.

The ability of embryonic stem cells to grow and divide without specializing immediately is what makes them so valuable for scientific research. Their flexibility and potential to become any type of cell offer insights into how cells develop, regenerate, and respond to various treatments, making them an essential tool in modern medicine and biological research.