What is the function of nucleic acids

Subject : Chemistry

Question:

What is the function of nucleic acids?

Expert Verified Solution:

Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), play crucial roles in the biology of all living organisms. Their primary functions are:

Genetic Information Storage: DNA stores and transmits genetic information used in the development, functioning, and reproduction of organisms. It acts as a blueprint for building proteins and other vital molecules.

Protein Synthesis: RNA is involved in the process of translating genetic information from DNA into proteins. There are several types of RNA, including messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized; transfer RNA (tRNA), which brings amino acids to the ribosome; and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which is a component of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs.

Genetic Regulation: Nucleic acids also play a role in regulating the expression of genes. Through various mechanisms, they control when and how genes are turned on or off, impacting cellular function and development.

Nucleic acids are fundamental to life’s processes by storing genetic information, directing protein synthesis, and regulating gene expression.