What is the function of lysosomes

Subject : Biology

Question:

What is the function of lysosomes?

A. Synthesize lipids

B. Storage of energy in the form of ATP

C. Digest substances that enter the cell

D. Breakdown of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide

Expert Verified Solution:

The correct answer is C. Digest substances that enter the cell.

Explanation:

Lysosomes are specialized organelles found within eukaryotic cells, and they play a crucial role in cellular maintenance and homeostasis. Here’s a more detailed look at their functions:

Digesting Substances that Enter the Cell:
Lysosomes are equipped with a variety of hydrolytic enzymes capable of breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones. These enzymes are active at acidic pH, which is maintained within the lysosome. When substances, such as pathogens or damaged cellular components, are engulfed by the cell through processes like phagocytosis or endocytosis, they are enclosed in a vesicle that fuses with a lysosome. The enzymes then break down these materials into their constituent molecules, which can be either used by the cell or expelled.

Breaking Down Cellular Waste:
Lysosomes are responsible for the turnover of cellular components. They digest obsolete or malfunctioning organelles, known as autophagy. This process is essential for cellular cleanup, allowing cells to recycle damaged parts and maintain functionality.

Degradation of Macromolecules:
Lysosomes break down macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), lipids, and carbohydrates into smaller, reusable molecules. This breakdown is vital for maintaining the balance of these substances in the cell and ensuring that energy and building blocks are available for various cellular processes.

Defense Against Pathogens:
In addition to their role in digesting cellular debris, lysosomes help defend against infections. By engulfing and breaking down bacteria, viruses, and other harmful microorganisms that enter the cell, lysosomes contribute to the immune response and help protect the cell from disease.

Lysosomes are the cell’s “cleanup crew,” ensuring that waste products and harmful materials are efficiently broken down and recycled, which is essential for the cell’s health and longevity.