What Cells Respond to Glucagon and Release Glucose

Subject : Biology

Question:

What cells in the body respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose?

Expert Verified Solution:

The cells in the body that respond to glucagon by breaking down glycogen and releasing glucose are the hepatocytes, or liver cells. When glucagon is released by the pancreas, it signals the liver cells to initiate glycogenolysis, the process of breaking down stored glycogen into glucose. This glucose is then released into the bloodstream to help maintain blood sugar levels, especially between meals or during fasting periods.

Explanation:

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by promoting the breakdown of glycogen stored in the liver. The liver cells, or hepatocytes, are equipped with the necessary enzymes to convert glycogen into glucose. Once glucose is released into the bloodstream, it provides an energy source for various tissues and helps keep blood sugar levels within a normal range.

By understanding this process, you can see how the body manages blood sugar levels and maintains energy balance, especially during periods when food intake is limited.