Reasons for Division and Backwardness in Indian Society

Subject : Social Science

Question:

According to social reformers, why was Indian society divided and backward?

Expert Verified Solution:

Social reformers in India, particularly during the 19th and early 20th centuries, identified several key reasons for the division and backwardness of Indian society:

1. Caste System: The rigid caste system was a major factor contributing to social division and backwardness. It created a hierarchical social order that restricted social mobility and perpetuated inequalities. People from lower castes faced discrimination and limited access to education and economic opportunities.

2. Religious and Cultural Practices: Some traditional religious and cultural practices were seen as outdated and restrictive. Practices like child marriage, Sati (the burning of widows), and untouchability were criticized for their negative impact on social progress and individual rights.

3. Lack of Modern Education: The absence of widespread, modern education kept large sections of society uneducated and impoverished. Social reformers advocated for educational reforms to empower individuals and promote social mobility.

4. Economic Exploitation: British colonial rule contributed to economic exploitation and stagnation. The colonial policies led to the drain of resources from India, impoverishing many regions and exacerbating social and economic inequalities.

5. Social Inequality: Deep-seated social inequalities and discrimination based on gender, caste, and religion were viewed as significant barriers to societal progress. Social reformers sought to address these disparities to promote a more equitable and unified society.

Reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, and Jyotirao Phule worked to address these issues by promoting education, challenging outdated practices, and advocating for social justice. Their efforts were crucial in initiating the process of modernization and social reform in India.